![]() ![]() However, while spinal alignment and vertebral body shape are sufficiently assessable in the far majority of cases, exact screw placement may occasionally be difficult to evaluate. Conventional X-ray diagnostics (2D radiographs or biplanar fluoroscopy) are widely regarded as the reference standard for intraoperative imaging in general, and for spinal instrumentation in particular. To ensure this, a high degree of intraoperative precision is required for spinal instrumentation in patients with instabilities as screw misplacement can lead to neurological and vascular complications. The main goal of spinal surgery is to restore the spinal column’s weight-bearing capabilities and motion range of the spine in order to improve patients’ quality of life. ![]() In addition to debilitating degeneration, various underlying conditions such as trauma, inflammation, or neoplasms can be causative agents of spinal instability and require surgical treatment. Due to the increasing proportion of older people and the longer life expectancy in our population, it must be assumed that the medical and socioeconomic relevance of back pain and degenerative diseases of the spine will further increase. The lifetime prevalence of back pain in Germany is 85.5%, with men and women over the age of 50 being particularly affected. ![]()
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